Eudora Welty s `` A Worn Path `` - 2399 Words

Eudora Welty was a renowned American author who used literary themes and devices to describe the complexities of the human mind and soul. Through her short stories, Welty paints a vivid portrait based on morals, hardships, and human relationships. In her stores, Welty combines this with humor and psychological acuity to allow the audience a glimpse into the lives of her characters and to learn something of themselves in the process. Two of her most famous short works are â€Å"Death of a Traveling Salesman† and â€Å"A Worn Path†. In her works like â€Å"Death of a Traveling Salesman†, Eudora Welty reminds her readers that modernization and work isn’t always a good thing and that we should enjoy our lives. In â€Å"A Worn Path,† Welty demonstrates that anyone can accomplish anything if they struggle and work hard for it, even if the path towards success is a difficult one. However, in today’s society many people have forgotten these traditio nal values and are forgetting what morals are, what human relationships are like beyond the 4.55 pound of technology, and what it’s like to think for themselves and learn from their own interpretations. Born in 1909 in Jackson, Mississippi Eudora Welty was an American novelist and short story writer, who wrote about life in the American South. After graduating from the University of Wisconsin, she began writing and publishing her works of fiction as early as 1936. One of the first stories she ever wrote and published was â€Å"Death of a TravelingShow MoreRelatedEudora Welty s A Worn Path1560 Words   |  7 PagesA person’s journey can have symbols that come through everyone’s life. Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. In â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty, Eudora describes symbols by using people that come through Phoenix’s path while she’s in her journey to Natchez. Eudora uses a nickel, marble cake, big dead trees, mistletoe, and a white hunter to symbolize Phoenix’s difficulties and obstacles that she had to go through in order to get to her destination. In the short story, PhoenixRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path1481 Words   |  6 PagesA very famous writer and novelist, Eudora Welty, has written many short stories and novels. Welty’s work is mainly focused with great precision on the regional manners of people inhabiting a small Mississippi town that resembles her own birthplace and the Delta country. Welty was born on April 13, 1909 and was raised by her close-knit and loving parents. In fact, Welty inherited the love of language from her mother. During her lifetime, Welty has earned many awards from her short stories and novelRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path970 Words   |  4 Pagesstrength to achieve any goal, or conquer any obstacle in life. In Eudora Welty s A Worn Path, her main protagonist, Mrs. Phoenix Jackson, perfectly displays the strength that a human possess. Despite being of old age, poor and out of shape, Mrs. Jackson s strength defies these odds on the worn path that she walks daily. Human strength i s abundant in A Worn Path, as the author shows the reader the reason why mankind is so strong. Welty demonstrates that love is what makes Mrs. Jackson, and everyoneRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path856 Words   |  4 Pages Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† demonstrations how people in the early twentieth century could not see past the color of one’s skin and the hardships which are faced because of this blindness. Welty short story demonstrations these difficulties with Phoenix Jackson and her journey to town. Through symbolism and motifs and even the symbolism has double meaning. For example, â€Å"seem like there is chains about my feet† (Welty 1) as her path is face with a hill. Yes, it could be just the hardship of theRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path854 Words   |  4 Pages Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path portrays an elderly woman, Phoenix, who endures a regular, strenuous journey into town to receive medicine for her grandson from a charita ble pharmacy. She encounters difficulty aroused by nature and disapproving townspeople but triumphs and succeeds her goal. The use of characterization and symbolism creates A Worn Path by representing a strong and significant protagonist, as well as offering a symbolic meaning of life and courage when faced with love. The short storyRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path992 Words   |  4 Pages23, but he keeps limping forward. Phoenix Jackson, the elderly woman in Eudora Welty’s, â€Å"A Worn Path†, is a lot like the injured runner. It is her astounding bravery and her innate cunning, along with her eternal love for her grandson, which gives her the ability to endure the hardships of her journey to get her grandson’s medicine. Phoenix Jackson is able to overcome each obstacle and adversity she encounters along the path due to her unending perseverance. Phoenix Jackson is described as a frailRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path946 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"A Worn Path narrator by Eudora Welty, of an elderly African American woman takes a journey with the purpose of obtains medication for her grandson while facing many problematic obstacles. Phoenix Jackson is fragile with poor vision old lady that â€Å"Old eyes thought you was a pretty little green bush.† (649). Phoenix ability to see was difficult for her to walk the path that she remembers so clearly but wish nothing to stand in her way. The legendary Phoenix symbolizes renewalRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path956 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction James Saunders wrote an interesting article â€Å"’A Worn Path’ The Eternal Quest of Welty’s Phoenix Jackson† (The Southern Literary Journal 25.1, Fall 1992: p62-73.) that not only analyzed Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path† (The Collected Works of Eudora Welty) from his perspective but also included the perspectives of other authors which makes his article an excellent source for interpretations of ‘A Worn Path’. Summary Saunders article summarizes Phoenix Jackson as a symbol of the ChristianRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path1877 Words   |  8 Pagesis a symbol of evil or death. This literary technique helps the reader understand a deeper meaning of the central message that the author is trying to portray. In this case, Eudora Welty uses symbolism like a powerful tool. A manifold of symbolic connotations can be made in â€Å"A Worn Path† by Eudora Welty. â€Å"A Worn Path† is a short story about an old black woman named Phoenix Jackson. She has to make this long journey to town in order to get medicine for her ill grandson; she is all he has gotRead MoreAnalysis Of Jack London And Eudora Welty s A Fire And A Worn Path 1406 Words   |  6 PagesEng. 120 Carolyn Maynard Professor Kirkby 06/18/ 2015 C/C #1 Two Troublesome Journeys In the stories To Build a Fire and A Worn Path, Jack London and Eudora Welty tell the stories of two protagonists going on arduous journeys during the winter. Phoenix Jackson, the protagonist of A Worn Path, is an elderly lady hardened by the trials of life as a black woman living in the Southern United States, prior to the Civil Rights Era. She is surprisingly limber, resilient, and healthy for her age and has

Essay on A Career in Communication - 543 Words

I am a communication strategist, who came from chemical science degree with the passion of developing exceptional product or service and bring them into the business. I always question myself and seek for the true reason behind every marketing movement that attracts my attention. I graduated in applied chemistry science, which gave me a strong fundamental to my analytic skills and excellent overview of industrial business. The specific core courses throughout this program allowed me to explore not only scientific techniques, but also business management subjects, which have sparked my interest of marketing during my undergraduate time. However, despite my applied chemical science degree, I decided to challenge†¦show more content†¦As a brand-marketing manager for AMS, I have to deal with brand’s marketing communication plans, advertorial, sales promotion and market exploration. International business negotiation is also a part of my responsibility. After completion of master’s program, my goal is to return to AMS International, to expand the business further to other countries in Southeast Asia, as it will become a free-trade region in the very near future (AEC). Therefore, due to the changes of the market circumstances, I would like to study specific problem areas to achieve more understanding of various issues in global marketing, and to fulfill my academic marketing theory that I was lacked during my studies in undergraduate program. Applying at Hult International Business School, Master Of International Marketing in San Francisco will provide me with theoretical understanding in depth idea of practical approaches in aiding strategic decision-making and real world experience to enable me to develop expertise in the core areas of international marketing. Moreover, it will also provide an opportunity to exchange and to explore ideas with the world’s professionals that Hult has to offer through the master program. It will be a huge eye opening of my marketing horizonShow MoreRelatedCommunication in Your Career1924 Words   |  8 PagesCommunication in your Career Field Report Patrick R. Kennedy Baker College Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Findings Conclusion References p. 3 p. 4 p. 4 p. 8 p.10 Executive Summary Effective communication is paramount for success in the field of Supply Chain Management. Continual communication between employees, managers, buyers, and customers is necessary to ensure processes and procedures are being followed. Proper, effective communication is the foundationRead MoreThe Journalism And Strategic Communications Careers935 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately, my dream did not become a reality when I had to choose a career in business. Until taking this class, my knowledge about journalism was very limited. However, I am glad that I have a chance to explore a vast area of careers in journalism area. Since I am specifically interested in business, a career in business reporting sparked my interest among other journalism and strategic communications careers. I particularly explored a career of Jim Hammerand, an alumni of the University of Minnesota-TwinRead MoreThe Career Of Communication By Dr. Robert Harrison Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesCareers in Communicatio n COM 499 – Independence Study Directed by Dr. Robert Harrison In life, there are times when we choose our challenges and other times when the challenges simply choose us – Travis Roy. I don’t remember what happened to me, I was told I was hit by a car. I was placed in a medically induced coma, for a month. Slowly, the doctor lowered the sedatives to see how I can breathe on my own, within six weeks everything was removed. I woke up; there were family and friends aroundRead MoreIT Career Issues and Communication Skills Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesIndustrial Credit Union put it succinctly. â€Å"Communication skills are a priority. Someone with tech skills are a dime a dozen.† What employers are looking for is someone with skills and the ability to communicate. Communication skills are key to a successful career in IT. In most fields of IT, you will interact with customers or clients on some level. Whether it involves pitching a product, making a presentation, or helping them diagnose and fix a problem. Though a career in IT can be very enjoyable and challengingRead MoreCareer Path Of Visual Communication Design Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pagesmade the big transition in going to college. Coming from a family of doctors, veterinarians, and other various medical careers, it was almost unheard of to pursue a career in the arts. I explored business, advertising, teaching, and many other careers, but in the end, I decided to place happiness over wealthiness and I chose to go through with a career path in Visual Communication Design. Looking more into an art major and questioning if I had made the right decision, I learned that so many of theRead MoreLeadership, Communication, And Problem Solving Career Center1503 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations and information technology, it has taught me so much ab out myself that I am changing my degree and career goals in order to find a career path that focuses on my strengths in leadership, communication and problem solving. Career Center Resources CSU Globals extensive Career Center offers many valuable resources to their students. Their Job Center, located within the Career Center provides students with direct links to the hiring pages of select affiliates, all organized by specific categoriesRead MoreImportance of Interpersonal communications in Information Technology Career907 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communications can be a very important part of a person’s professional success. Information Technology is an industry that relies on certain areas of communication. Wendy, the person I interviewed, emphasized the importance that people in her industry must be up to date (educated) on the constant changes. Communication, gaining communication and interpersonal skills is again such an easier said than done skill for any profession. Communication is such an essential skill it couldRead MoreCommunication, Career Path, And Roles Of A Nurse Practitioner Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagescompetencies and skills (American Association College of Nursing). The ultimate goal is to achieve positive patient outcomes, resulting in an improved health care system. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable insights into the education, career path, and roles of a nurse practitioner. Interview I conducted my interview with Dr. Karen Lehman, DNP, APRN. Dr. Lehman is a nurse practitioner who currently works for Newton Medical Center as a hospitalist. She also works as needed basis onRead Moreï » ¿Chapter 1—Communication Skills as Career Filters8514 Words   |  35 PagesChapter 1—Communication Skills as Career Filters MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Communication skills a. are not as important as technical skills for career success. b. are not necessary in todays competitive job market. c. are ranked by recruiters at the top of qualities they most desire in job seekers. d. cannot be learned; they are innate. ANS: C Studies confirm that recruiters rank communication skills at the top of qualities they most desire in job seekers. Your ability to communicate will make youRead MoreNetworking And Communication Methods For Securing Job, And Improving Career Advancement1775 Words   |  8 Pagesperiod. The paper also attempted to relate the experiences gained during the class sessions and provides some examples in relative to the seminar. Webinar, Seminar: The Networking and Communication Methods in Securing Job, and Improving career Advancement A webinar is a web-based communication method, mainly uses for interactive and virtual conferences, seminars, training, and employee orientations. It is directed using an online software platform like adobe connect to participate viewers

Superstition and Black Cat Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Excessively credulous belief in and fear for supernatural existences. 2. A widely held but undue belief in supernatural causing taking to certain effects of an action or event. or a practice†¦ Superstition is a belief in supernatural causality: that one event leads to the cause of another without any physical procedure associating the two events. such as star divination. portents. witchery. etc. . that contradicts natural scientific discipline. Population: 1. All the dwellers of a peculiar town. country. or state. 2. A peculiar subdivision. group. or type of people or animate beings populating in an country or state. Society: The sum of people populating together in a more or less ordered community. The community of people populating in a peculiar part and holding shared imposts. Torahs. and organisations. Social psychological science: Branch of psychological science concerned with the personality. attitudes. motives. and behavior of the person or group in the context of societal interaction. The field emerged in the U. S. in the 1920s. Subjects include the ascription of societal position based on perceptual cues. the influence of societal factors ( such as equals ) on a person’s attitudes and beliefs. the operation of little groups and big organisations. and the kineticss of face-to-face interactions. Attitude: An attitude is an look of favour or disfavour toward a individual. topographic point. thing. or event ( the attitude object ) . Outstanding psychologist Gordon Allport one time described attitudes â€Å"the most typical and indispensable construct in modern-day societal psychological science. † [ 1 ] In laic linguistic communication. attitude may mention to the distinguishable construct of temper. or be particularly synonymous with adolescent rebellion. An attitude can be defined as a positive or negative rating of people. objects. event. activities. thoughts. or merely about anything in your environment. Measuring attitudes Many measurings and graduated tables are used to analyze attitudes. Attitudes can be hard to mensurate because measuring is arbitrary. intending people have to give attitudes a graduated table to mensurate it against. and attitudes are finally a conjectural concept that can non be observed straight. Following the explicit-implicit duality. attitudes can be examined through direct and indirect steps. Explicit measures tend to trust on self-reports or easy ascertained behaviours. These tend to affect bipolar graduated tables ( e. g. . good-bad. favorable-unfavorable. support-oppose. etc. ) . [ 5 ] Explicit steps can besides be used by mensurating the straightforward ascription of features to put up groups. such as â€Å"I feel that baptists are†¦ . ? † or â€Å"I think that work forces are†¦ ? † [ 6 ] Likert graduated tables and other self-reports are besides normally used. Implicit steps are non consciously directed and are assumed to be automatic. which may do inexplicit steps more valid and dependable than expressed steps ( such as self-reports ) . For illustration. people can be motivated such that they find it socially desirable to look to hold certain attitudes. An illustration of this is that people can keep inexplicit damaging attitudes. but express explicit attitudes that report small bias. Implicit measures aid history for these state of affairss and expression at attitudes that a individual may non be cognizant of or want to demo. [ 7 ] Implicit measures hence normally rely on an indirect step of attitude. For illustration. the Implicit Association Test ( IAT ) examines the strength between the mark construct and an attribute component by sing the latency in which a individual can analyze two response keys when each has two significances. With small clip to carefully analyze what the participant is making they respond harmonizing to internal keys. This priming can demo attitudes the individual has about a peculiar object. [ 8 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Attitude_ % 28psychology % 29 Attitude formation Harmonizing to Doob ( 1947 ) . larning can account for most of the attitudes we hold. Theories of classical conditioning. instrumental conditioning and societal acquisition are chiefly responsible for formation of attitude. Unlike personality. attitudes are expected to alter as a map of experience. Tesser ( 1993 ) has argued that familial variables may impact attitudes – but believes that they may make so indirectly. For illustration. consistence theories. which imply that we must be consistent in our beliefs and values. As with any type of heritability. to find if a peculiar trait has a footing in our cistrons. twin surveies are used. [ 17 ] The most celebrated illustration of such a theory is Dissonance-reduction theory. associated with Leon Festinger. which explains that when the constituents of an attitude ( including belief and behaviour ) are at odds an person may set one to fit the other ( for illustration. seting a belief to fit a behaviour ) . [ 18 ] Other theories in clude balance theory. originally proposed by Heider ( 1958 ) . and the self-perception theory. originally proposed by Daryl Bem. [ 19 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Attitude_ % 28psychology % 29 # Attitude_formation Work sampling is the statistical technique for finding the proportion of clip spent by workers in assorted defined classs of activity ( e. g. puting up a machine. piecing two parts. idle†¦etc. ) . [ 1 ] It is every bit of import as all other statistical techniques because it permits speedy analysis. acknowledgment. and sweetening of occupation duties. undertakings. public presentation competences. and organisational work flows. Other names used for it are ‘activity sampling’ . ‘occurrence sampling’ . and ‘ratio hold study’ . [ 2 ] In a work trying survey. a big figure of observations are made of the workers over an drawn-out period of clip. For statistical truth. the observations must be taken at random times during the period of survey. and the period must be representative of the types of activities performed by the topics. One of import use of the work sampling technique is the finding of the standard clip for a manual fabrication undert aking. Similar techniques for ciphering the standard clip are clip survey. standard information. and preset gesture clip systems. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Work_sampling function of superstitious notions:Superstitions are good and alive in many civilizations the universe over. Despite being rooted in ancient traditional belief systems. they still play a portion in modern times. From interrupting mirrors. and black cats as portents of bad fortune in Western civilizations. to turning away of rinsing pess before bedtime and nutrient limitations during unwellness and gestation in Eastern civilizations. we’ve all believed or practiced them at some point. Most major faiths have their roots in superstitious notion and they still play a considerable portion in many people’s day-to-day lives. From blessing people when they sneeze to go toing on a regular basis scheduled rites in constructions built specifically for that intent. Many â€Å"Christians† won’t like this response but these thing are true. Most spiritual vacations are scheduled around ancient Pagan ritual day of the months which were being celebrated LONG before Christia nity was popular or even thought of†¦I was taught that in CCD. Christmas. winter solstice ; Easter. youthful equinoxe. the list is long. Culture at times. supersedes faith. As such beliefs are most frequently brought down from coevals to coevals. such impressions are hard to dispell. no affair how unlogical it may be. Superstitition plays with the insecurity and uncertainness of an person or society towards a peculiar topic. For illustration. during gestation. the mother-to-be surely want the best for their newborn and would most likely attentiveness advises which she feels would lend positively to whole procedure. There are people out there who refuses to critically analyze their lives objectively and they prefer to merely impute it to bad fortune. evil enchantment. etc. B. F. Skinner. reknown psychologist. demonstrated that you can make superstitious behaviour in animate beings. When an animate being is placed in a Skinner box. that contains a device which can automatically distribute nutrient and nutrient is given to the animate being every five proceedingss irrespective what the animate being does ; the animate being will typically develop a superstitious behaviour. This will happen when for illustration the animate being happens to pick up its right pes merely as nutrient is delivered: the animate being will so reiterate this behaviour. which will be intermittently reinforced. In this mode the superstitious behaviour will go good established. The above illustration. demonstrated by Skinner. shows that although a series of events has already been set into gesture. coinciding actions by a be ing or animate being. can do them to believe that they have altered the series of events. Worlds can get the better of superstitious behaviour if they understand what is taking topographic point. and if they refrain from prosecuting in the superstitious behaviour. They must so detect that events unfold in the same manner as if they had engaged in the behaviour. hypertext transfer protocol: //malaysia. replies. yokel. com/question/index? qid=20070515201609AAcnsPK Types Of Superstitions: Good fortune superstitious notions and bad fortune superstitious notions Do you believe in superstitious notions? [ movie ] Thousands of people believe in superstitious notions although a batch off people think of them as bunk and non based on ground. Where does the word â€Å"superstition† come from? The word superstitious notion comes from two Latin words: â€Å"Super’’ and â€Å"Stare† . Super means above and gaze agencies to stand. We know that the beginning of the superstitious notions is ignorance. Make you cognize anyone who does non hold a superstitious notion? Most of the people. more or less. believe in them. Even though they deny superstitious notions. they can non assist believing in them. They are superstitious. Unfortunately. we have 100s of superstitious notions. Superstitions are all around the universe. They change from civilization to civilization and they have a large influence in our lives. There are two types of superstitious notion. Good fortune superstitious notions and bad fortune superstitious notions. Some common superstitious notions around the universe: Good fortune superstitious notions – If your right manus scabiess. you will gain money.– If you find a four-leaf trefoil. you will hold good fortune.– If you see a horseshoe which was lost. you will hold good fortune. – If you throw rice on a new bride and groom. they will hold so many kids. – If you dream about a white cat. you will hold good fortune. – If you see a black cat which walks towards you. it brings you good fortune. – If your right ear scabiess. person is talking good of you. – You can hang up garlic in your house for good fortune.– If you put a mirror merely across the door. you will hold good fortune. – If you put the sugar into the cup foremost. before the tea. you will hold good fortune. – If you step on your shadow. it brings you good fortune. – If you catch a falling foliage on the first twenty-four hours of fall. you will hold good fortune all winter. – If you blow out all the tapers on your birthday bar in one blow. you will acquire whatever you want. – If the first butterfly you see in the twelvemonth is white. it brings you good fortune all twelvemonth. – If a girl drinks salty H2O so goes to kip. she will see her future hubby in her dream. Bad luck superstitious notions – If you open an umbrella indoors. it brings you bad fortune.– If you sleep with your pess towards the door. a earthworm will steal your psyche. – If you whistle at dark. a earthworm will come to your place. – When a cat sneezes three times indoors. it will rain in 24 hours. – If you dream about a Canis familiaris. you will hold a batch of enemies. – If you break a mirror. it will convey you seven old ages of bad fortune. – If an bird of Minerva hoots in your garden. it brings you bad fortune.– If you walk under a ladder. you will hold bad fortune.– If you kill an millstone. it brings you bad fortune.– If you sleep on a tabular array. you will hold bad fortune.– If a Canis familiaris ululation at dark. decease is near.– If you see a bird that comes towards you. you will hold bad fortune.– If you drop a dishrag. you will hold bad fortune.– If you eat from the pot. it will rain at your nuptials ceremonial.– If you start a trip on Friday. you will run into bad lucks.– If your left manus scabiess. you will lose money.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. atakos. com/good-luck-bad-luck-superstitions-81/ History Of Supestitions:What are superstitious notions?Superstitions are beliefs or patterns for which there appears to be no rational substance. It is a term designated to these beliefs that result from ignorance and fright of the unknown. Those who use the term imply that they have certain cognition or superior grounds for their scientific. philosophical. or spiritual strong beliefs. An equivocal word. it likely can non be used ecxept subjectively. Ignorance of natural causes leads to the belief that certain striking phenomena express the will or the choler of some unseeable overturning power. and the objects in which such phenomena appear are forthwith deified. as illustration. in Nature-worship. Conversely. many superstitious patterns are due to an overdone impression or a false reading of natural events. so that effects are sought which are beyond the efficiency of physical causes. Curiosity besides with respect to things that are hidden or are still in the hereafter plays a con siderable portion. illustration. in the assorted sorts of divination. With this making in head. superstitious notions may be classified approximately as spiritual. cultural and personal. All spiritual beliefs and patterns may look superstitious to the individual without faith. Superstitions that belong to the cultural tradition are tremendous in their assortment. About all individuals. in about times. have held. earnestly. irrational beliefs refering methods of guarding off ailment or conveying good. announcing the hereafter. and mending and forestalling illness and accidents. A few specific common people traditions. such as beliefs in the evil oculus or in the efficaciousness of talismans. have been found in most periods of history and in most parts of the universe. Others may be limited to one state. part or small town. to one household. or to one societal or vocational group. Finally. people develop personal superstitious notions: a pupil writes a good signifier of literary piece with a certain pen. and from that minute the pen is lucky ; a horseplayer may be convinced that black Equus caballuss run good for him. Superstitions has been profoundly influential in history. Even in alleged modern times. in a twenty-four hours when nonsubjective grounds is e xtremely valued. there are few people who would non. if pressed. admit to care foring in secret one or two irrational beliefs or superstitious notions. Such superstitious thoughts persist non defying the grounds which oppose their cogency. hypertext transfer protocol: //library. thinkquest. org/27661/docs/super. htm Why Peoples Believe in Superstitions Many superstitious notions originated at a clip when small was known about how the physical universe maps. They were an early effort at doing sense of the universe through fables and anecdotal narratives of cause and consequence. In today’s more scientific universe. superstitious notions persist for the same basic ground they began: A belief in superstitious notions gives people an semblance of control in an unsure universe. A superstitious notion is a belief that is non based on logic or ground. Superstitions frequently promise to protect person from injury or in some manner affect the hereafter. For illustration. opening an umbrella in a house is said to take to bad fortune. happening a four foliage trefoil would convey good fortune. and have oning a particular gemstone or crystal would guard off immorality. These superstitious notions have no logical footing. yet they are still followed by 1000000s. Peoples believe in superstitious notions because they want to believe in them. It’s easy plenty for trusters to happen coinciding connexions and label them as cogent evidence. or to merely state that their superstitious beliefs defy account. Interestingly. a belief in superstitious notions can really look to impact a person’s â€Å"luck. † though what it truly affects is a person’s mentality. The human head is powerful. and events that are based on a person’s public presentation can be influenced by that person’s mentality or beliefs. This is normally known as a placebo consequence. When a superstitious individual breaks a mirror ( which is supposed to convey seven old ages of bad fortune ) he may really execute ill on a trial. bury his lines during a drama. or lose an easy lay-up during a hoops game. Conversely. transporting a rabbit’s pes may give the same individual the assurance to make good in all of those countries ( if he really has the necessary accomplishments ) . This is why superstitious notions are so prevailing among jocks. histrions. and pupils. Some jocks may make up ones mind that they have to execute a certain ritual. like turning in three circles before go forthing the cabinet room or have oning a certain brace of lucky socks. Actors frequently do non wish each other good fortune before a drama. as that is supposed to hold the opposite consequence. Alternatively. they tell each other to â€Å"break a leg. † and they neer say the name of the Scots Play unless they are on phase executing it. Superstitions have arisen in about every civilization. yet some superstitious notions have opposite significances in different states. In the United States. both black cats and the figure 13 are luckless. Yet black cats are lucky in Britain and the figure 13 is lucky in Italy. Does a black cat’s fortune alteration when it makes a trip across the pool? And what happens if a black cat crosses in forepart of both a Brit and American who are walking on the same street? Though superstitious notions have some interesting background narratives and can hold a placebo affect on those who believe in them. they all seem to come back to a affair of control. Peoples want to hold control over the events in their lives. They will believe in many unusual thoughts to derive even an illusive sense of control. Yet. if control is so of import. why do some people seem to prefer superstitious beliefs over scientific fact? At the most basic degree. some people associate the term â€Å"belief† with positive constructs like emotional sensitiveness. prowess. inspiration. thaumaturgy or religion. but attach negative intensions to â€Å"facts. † such as being dry. drilling or sterile. Beliefs are elating ; facts are anchoring. That entirely can be adequate to do some people shy from sedate facts and embracing more charming beliefs. Superstitious beliefs may besides be seen as more accessible than scientific facts. To be confirmed. scientific facts must be nonsubjective. verifiedobservations. They must stand up to probe with consistent consequences. Superstitions. on the other manus. defy logic and merely necessitate belief. Peoples can â€Å"just know† they are â€Å"true. † alternatively of being bothered with turn outing them to others. Superstitious people frequently say. â€Å"I don’t cognize how it works. it merely does. † And. when it comes to public presentation. possibly superstitious notions do work–in a manner. A hoops participant might hit more points when have oning his lucky socks. but give those same socks to a child off the street who doesn’t have the baller’s accomplishments or dedicated preparation government. and he’d still be siting the bench. hypertext transfer protocol: //flamingpatronus. wordpress. com/2012/11/09/the-superstition-hypothesis/ Abstractions:A research lab probe was conducted to analyze the development of superstitious notions in athletics. We explored the hypothesis that superstitious notions are most likely to develop among people who believe that they can. via their ain actions. exercise some control over opportunity results. Thirty-seven topics completed the Levenson opportunity orientation graduated table. a step of belief in control over opportunity events. and so participated in a golf seting undertaking. Subjects attempted 50 putts on an unreal sod seting green. For each putt. topics selected the golf ball of their pick from a dish incorporating four coloured balls. Superstitious behaviour was defined as the choice of the same colour ball after holding made a putt with that ball. Consequences back uping the hypothesis indicated a important negative correlativity ( R = . 30. p = . 035 ) between superstitious behaviour and Levenson graduated table tonss. That is. topics who indicated that they believe d that their actions could command opportunity events were more likely to utilize a ‘lucky ball’ following a successful putt. †¢ Noreds allowed – Don’t wear red when there’s lightning. or else it may strike you. †¢ Broken contemplation – 7 old ages of bad fortune ifyou break a mirror. ( This 1 originated in the Middle Ages where mirrored glass was highly expensive ; anyone who broke the big mirror of the Godhead or lady of the land was bing them a batch of money and destructing something probably non replaceable. A individual could be put in gaol if the Godhead of the land was pissed off enough. ) †¢ Don’t let a black cat traverse your way ; it will convey you bad fortune. ( I suppose you could trip over a black cat in the dark and interrupt your leg. but truly the coat colour of a cat has nil to make with fortune either way. ) †¢ â€Å"Find a penny. choice it up. all twenty-four hours long you’ll have good luck† †¢ Rain on your nuptials twenty-four hours is a good portents †¢ Do non sit a bike if you’re a adult female because you will non acquire pregnant †¢ When you are acquiring married. make non have on your marrying gown before the nuptials or else your nuptials will call off †¢ Hanging a horseshoe on a wall with terminals indicating up brings good fortune †¢ Steping on a cleft in the pavement will interrupt your mother’s back. †¢ Bathing at dark is equal to a cup of blood loss. †¢ Don’t walk under a ladder or else you’ll have bad fortune †¢ No Inachis io plumes indoors †¢ Black Friday – Friday 13th †¢ Carry a rabbit’s pes for good fortune ( unless you are the coney concerned ) †¢ When you spill salt. throw some over your shoulder to forestall bad fortune †¢ Projecting the evil oculus will do the bad fortune to come back to you ( karma ) †¢ Don’t expanse at dark or you’ll have fewer approvals †¢ Cover your oral cavity when you sneeze or else your psyche will travel out †¢ Sleeping tardily at dark can do a diminution in blood †¢ Runing at 6:00 – you might kick the midget †¢ Cover your mirror during boom so that it will non interrupt †¢ Do non indicate with your custodies at dark or else your custodies will acquire smaller †¢ If one of your relations dies and their eyes are still unfastened. he or she is waiting for some of your household. relations. or friends to decease †¢ Don’t go to kip at dark with wet hair or else serpents will kip with you †¢ If you are pregnant. eat bananas so that you can hold twins †¢ When you see an emmet. eat it to do your voice good †¢ â€Å"Red sky at dark. sailors’ delectation. Red sky at forenoon. crewman take warning† – scientifically. a ruddy sky in the eventide means unagitated air currents and no rain. So there is something to it. †¢ You will hold bad fortune for 7 old ages if you break a mirrorCuting toe nails at dark is bad fortune.A individual seting finger nails on fire at dark will decease the following forenoon. Bride drops her ring during the nuptials will decease in front of the groom. Never sweep the floor at dark or you’ll sweep sorrow into your life. If a image of three people is taken. the individual in the center will be the first to decease. Which of all time spouse falls asleep foremost on their nuptials dark will be the first to decease. Killing a spider is bad fortune. If you leave a rocking chair swaying when empty. it invites evil liquors to come into your house to sit in the rocking chair. Chase off any owls outside your window ; they are a forerunner of decease. – if you spill salt. flip a pinch over your left shoulder to avoid bad fortune – broken mirrors bring 7 old ages of bad fortune – walking under a ladder is bad fortune– a black cat traversing your way is bad fortune– put a home base of milk outside for the fairies so they don’t suck your cattles dry– Never topographic point a mirror across from your front door– measure on a cleft. interrupt your mother’s back– idle custodies are the devil’s resort area– cats should neer be allowed close babes as they will suck the breath from the kid and smother it – hypertext transfer protocol: //www. blurtit. com/q7236625. hypertext markup language If you’re like most people. you on occasion take part in superstitious thought or behaviour frequently without even recognizing you’re making it. Just think: When was the last clip you knocked on wood. walked within the lines. avoided a black cat. or read your day-to-day horoscope? These are all illustrations of superstitious notions or what Stuart Vyse. PhD. and the writer of Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition. calls charming thought. More than half of Americans admitted to being at least a small superstitious. harmonizing to a recent Gallup canvass. Additionally. beliefs in enchantresss. shades and haunted houses — all popular Halloween symbols — have increased over the past decennary. But merely what is the psychological science behind our charming thought. and is it aching or assisting us? When does superstitious believing travel excessively far? Was Stevie Wonder right: When you believe in things that you don’t understand. make you endure? Superstition. Ritual. or Anxiety? In our pursuit to understand superstitious notions. let’s start by specifying them. After all. non all rites or beliefs are superstitious notions. â€Å"The spliting line is whether you give some sort of charming significance to the ritual. † Vyse tells WebMD. For illustration. if an athlete develops a ritual before a game. something Vyse says many managers encourage. it may assist to quiet and concentrate him or her like reiterating a mantra. â€Å"That’s non superstitious. † says Vyse. On the other manus. he says if you think tapping the ball a certain figure of times makes you win the game. you’ve entered superstitious district. You might be inquiring if certain superstitious behaviours — such as like numbering the figure of times you tap a ball — are truly a mark of obsessional compulsive upset ( OCD ) . Peoples with OCD frequently have irresistible impulses to make rites over and over once more. frequently interfering with mundane life. A good illustration is Jack Nicholson’s character in the film Equally Good As It Gets. who skips clefts in the pavement and chows at the same tabular array in the same eating house every twenty-four hours. with an inability to get by with any alteration in modus operandi. While some of the symptoms of OCD can mime superstitious behaviour ( and the two aren’t reciprocally sole ) Vyse says most of the grounds would bespeak there is no connexion between the two. â€Å"We don’t think of anxiousness upsets [ such as OCD ] as superstitious believing. We think of it as irrational thought. and most of our patients understand that. † says Paul Foxman. PhD. an anxiousness expert from Burlington. Vt. â€Å"But I do hold patients that tell me that they believe that if they don’t worry about something. so the likeliness of it go oning will travel up. and that is a superstitious idea. † he says. The key is to pay attending to your ain thought. peculiarly i f you experience any symptoms of anxiousness — tenseness. inordinate concern. problem kiping. obsessional ideas and exhaustion. for illustration. If you experience these symptoms or happen that you have insistent ritualized behaviour that’s out of control — superstitious or non — acquire professional aid from a physician or healer. Driving Forces Desiring more control or certainty is the driving force behind most superstitious notions. We tend to look for some sort of a regulation. or an account for why things happen. â€Å"Sometimes the creative activity of a false certainty is better than no certainty at all. and that is what much of the research suggests. † says Vyse. Job interviews. proving. and other state of affairss where we want things to travel good — regardless of our ain readying or public presentation — can spur superstitious ideas. â€Å"We are frequently in state of affairss in life where something truly of import is about to go on. we’ve prepared for it as best we can. but it’s still unsure ; it’s still ill-defined. † Vyse says. No affair how confident or prepared you are for an event — whether it’s a football game. a nuptials. or a presentation — things can still go on beyond your control. â€Å"Superstitions provide people with the sense t hat they’ve done one more thing to seek to guarantee the result they are looking for. † Friend or Foe? A sense of security and assurance are possibly the greatest benefits we get emotionally from superstitious believing or behavior — like transporting an object or have oning an point of vesture that you deem to be lucky. The Psychology of Superstition ( cont. ) †¢ smaller†¢ medium†¢ larger†¢ Previous†¢ 1†¢ 2 The Psychology of Superstition ( cont. ) Share this Article:Facebook Twitter Email PrintFoxman says there is a positive placebo consequence — if you think something will assist you. it may make merely that. â€Å"There is a enormous sum of power in belief. † he says. If the result is a affair of pure fortune. beliefs don’t truly hold any impact. nevertheless. when your public presentation is a cardinal factor in an result. superstitious believing might give you an excess encouragement. â€Å"There can be a existent psychological consequence of superstitious ideas. † says Vyse. If you’ve done good before when you had a peculiar shirt on. for illustration. it might turn out wise to have on the shirt once more. if it helps to alleviate anxiousness and promotes positive ideas. But this manner of thought can besides impede your public presentation. if say. you lose your lucky object. It’s non intelligence that outlooks can be highly powerful and implicative. Surveies on a regular basis point to placebo effects ( both positive and negative ) . which are wholly caused by the power of outlooks or prepossessions. Yet superstitious notions can besides play a negative function in our lives. particularly when combined with a bad wont such as chancing. If you’re a compulsive gambler who believes that you can acquire lucky. so that belief may lend to your job. Phobic ( fearful ) superstitious notions can besides interfere with our lives. and do a batch of anxiousness. says Vyse. For illustration. people who are afraid of Friday the thirteenth might alter travel agreements or jump an assignment because of unneeded anxiousness. These types of superstitious notions offer no benefit at all. And the Award for Most Superstitious Goes to †¦ Bing superstitious is something we frequently learn as kids. and harmonizing to the Gallup canvass. older folks are less likely to believe in superstitious notions. By and large talking. adult females are more superstitious than work forces. Vyse says. When was the last clip you saw an star divination column in a men’s magazine? Women may besides see more anxiousness. or at least. more adult females than work forces seek aid for anxiousness jobs. Although personality variables are non a strong factor in developing superstitious notion. there is some grounds that if you are more dying than the mean individual you’re somewhat more likely to be superstitious. Vyse says our venue of control can besides be a factor lending to whether or non we are superstitious. If you have an internal venue of control. you believe that you are in charge of everything ; you are the maestro of your destiny and you can do things go on. If you have an external venue of control. â€Å"you’re kind of buffeted by life. and things happen to you alternatively of the other manner around. † Vyse tells WebMD. Peoples with external venue of control are more likely to be superstitious. perchance as a manner of acquiring more power over their lives. â€Å"Part of the ground why adult females are more superstitious than work forces is that adult females feel. even in today’s modern society. that they have less control over their destiny than work forces do. † Intelligence seems to hold small to make with whether or non we subscribe to superstitious notions. Vyse says that on the Harvard campus — where one would presume there are a batch of intelligent people — pupils often rub the pes of the statue of John Harvard for good fortune. In a sense. a superstitious notion. like other rites. can go portion of a campus. community or civilization. and can assist convey people together. â€Å"Mo st of the superstitious notions people engage in are absolutely all right. and are non pathological. † says Vyse. Now that’s good intelligence. and it’s merely in clip for Halloween. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. medicinenet. com/script/main/art. asp? articlekey=46749 A ; page=2 Islamic Point Of View: Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran: â€Å"Do they non see the birds held ( winging ) in the thick of the sky? None holds them but Allah ( none gave them the ability to wing but Allah ) . Verily. in this are clear Ayaat ( cogent evidence and marks ) for people who believe ( in the Oneness of Allah ) † ( 16:79 ) This poetry clearly shows that Allah is in bid of the birds every bit good as all of Creation. Allah decides where birds fly or roost. The flight of birds is non dependent upon where good fortune or bad fortune resides. Superstitions are a fast one of the Satan to take worlds farther and farther off from Allah so that on the Day of Judgment he will hold some company in snake pit. The 1 who believes in superstitious notions genuinely has followed the Satan and is no longer on the way. which leads to Allah. Prophet Muhammad ( pbuh ) was one time asked about superstitious beliefs and this is what Muhammad ( pbuh ) said: â€Å"The best of it is fa’l ( belief in good portents ) and it should non forestall a Muslim from traveling in front ( with his programs ) . If any one of you sees something that he dislikes. allow him state. ‘Allaahumma laa ya’ti bi’l-hasanaat illa anta Washington laa yadfa’ al-sayi’aat illa anta. Washington laa hawla Washington laa quwwata illa bika’ ( O Allah. no 1 brings good things but you and no 1 wards off bad things but you. and there is no power and no strength except with you ) . † Ignoring superstitious notions will non harm us in the really least. In fact. by non prosecuting in shirk we are more likely to delight Allah which might really salvage us from what we feared in the first topographic point. On the other manus. the 1 who obeys the Satan and their superstitious notions is more likely to fall right into the catastrophe they were so acute to avoid! Poetic justness possibly? However. even if we avoid the belief in superstitious notions wholly bad things may still go on to us. That does non intend the superstitious notions were right instead it is in the timing of Allah’s Decree. All things that happen to us. good and bad. come at a clip appointed by Allah as a agency to prove who is the best in religion. Allah Godhead says in the Holy Quran: â€Å"No catastrophe befalls on the Earth or in yourselves but is inscribed in the Book of Decrees. before we bring it into being. Verily. that is easy for Allah. † ( 57:22 )

Aravind Eye Hospital Essay Example

Aravind Eye Hospital Essay In the present scenario achieving effective and efficient health care services is an acute issue that needs an immediate attention. In developing countries this problem is mostly common as the government alone is not fully capable in undertaking different challenges to meet the heath needs of fast growing populations. There was a need to develop an alternate or parallel heath care system which will support the government efforts, but is self –supporting. This need was realised by Dr. GOVINDAPPA VENKATASWAMY who founded the ARVIND EYE CARE HOSPITAL  in 1976(based on the concept of McDONALDIZTION) because of his passionate concern to eradicate the problem of needless blindness in the India. This essay will analyse the impact of applying these principles of McDONALDIZATION to Arvind eye care hospital and will discuss the journey and achievements of this world largest eye care provider of the world while referring to its great positive impact on the poorer sections of the society. Firstly we will talk about the problem of needless blindness in India which led to the evolution of aravind eye care hospitals. Then we discuss about the concept of McDONALDIZATION and its  impact on aravind eye care hospitals and the leadership qualities of Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Aravind Eye Hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aravind Eye Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aravind Eye Hospital specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Venkataswamy that lead to increase the efficiency of the hospitals from two to seven times and finally conclude the global impact, advantages and contribution of this great health care system. INFINITE VISION Over 80% of blindness in India is needless and can be prevented; with this mission of eradicating needless blindness Dr. VENKATASWAMY founded aravind eye hospital in 1976 with the help of his family members. The Aravind Eye Care System is now the largest and most productive eye care facility in the world with its main  operational office in Madurai, India. Starting with modest 11 bed clinic now they have extended their operations over 5 hospitals remarkably all are self sustaining, situated in different states of southern India. A doctor at aravind perform on an average of 2000 surgeries per year(where on contrary the national average is just 220 each year) and with such experience due to increased number of patients they have developed art techniques and have become fully trained to match the excellent facilities. Each year over 1. 4 million patients our treated in these hospitals and 60%  of patients are treated free, still the business is highly profitable due to large no. of patients revenue from fee paying customers (40%) not only covers the average cost per operation (across free and paying patients) but also generates surplus funds that covers the growth and expansion cost. The key building blocks for developing Aravind Eye care system was transferring the ideas and techniques used by a well established chain of fast food restaurants McDonalds, this wide ranging process is called Mcdonaldization, that is, the process by which the principles of fast-food  restaurants are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as rest of the world (THE McDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY by George Ritzer, 1996) , but not only restaurants business its affects can also be seen in various sectors of the society like education, health care, church services and many more. Aravind hospitals under the leadership of Dr. Venkataswamy managed to reach at peak and have turned out to be a role model business structure for other enterprises that can examine and adopt its features to establish their own successful business. Leadership a process of influencing activities of organised group in its efforts towards goal-setting and goal achievement (Buchanan Huczynski, 2010:596) Dr. G. Venkataswamy had all the leadership qualities and he perfectly adapted all the aspects and principles of McDONALDIZATION in the medical field and have been able to develop an enormous and successful business model. In 1976 on his retirement from the Government Medical College organised rural eye camps within the country and gathered their patients to the nearest hospitals base for minor treatments or surgeries (if required). Patients not only receive free medical services but are also provided foods, lodging and even return transport completely free of charge. He applied the principles of McDONALDIZATION which is a simple process that aims to train people all around the globe irrespective of their religions, cultures to produce a product in the same way and deliver it in the same manner all around the world. The founder members of aravind were interested in making a franchise of delivering eye care services with the effectiveness and efficiency of MaCDONALDS, the priority  was for the human welfare for this reason they established the aravind system (not for profit-organisation) to provide free eye care services to poorer people of society and rest can use these services at a very low price (market price). Even if they lay more emphasis on providing quantity of services but they have been able to maintain the standard quality for their products and services. The young and motivated paramedical team at aravind is the backbone of this system and are annually recruited from the nearby villages are provided with proper training like counselling, theatre duty, housekeeping etc. Being productive to meet the needs and demands of their patients they have pioneered a system that enables them to do high volume work with the help of application of principles of the McDONALDS. Aravind were the first in India who realised the need for manufacturing lenses within the country for the purpose of making these lenses available and affordable for the patients. Prior to this the lenses were imported from the western countries reason being that there was no production in the home country. Each lens would cost around $200 that was expensive and not affordable in  most of the developing countries. So the founders at aravind eye hospital decided to device their own method for manufacturing lenses with the help of Macdonaldization to cope up with the international standards and sell their production at just $5 a piece. Currently aravind are manufacturing and exporting their lenses to around 85 countries across the world to achieve global welfare prospects. He has been able to devise a system, which not only tend to delivers high quality and quantity but is also reproducible. The model is now diffused widely and there are  currently five hospitals only in Tamil Nadu that are contributing towards their primary objectives by offering nearly 4000 beds, the majority of which are free. It has moved its operations beyond cataract surgery to providing education, lens manufacturing, research and development and other linked activities around their motive of improving sight and easy access to treatment and affordability which enabled them to reach more and more sectors of the society. The principles of McDONALDS that have been applied to the aravind hospitals are the stepping stones which led to its enormous success. The principle of efficiency was achieved by aravind hospitals via evaluating the best route to achieve the targeted goals of the organisation some of them included waste reduction, elimination non-value generating activities, achieving excellence in operations, commitment for superior customer services. The MaCDONALDS principle of predictability was applied in aravind model by providing people with same products and services from one time to another or one place to another people are more likely to be treated in the same manner, no matter what their race, gender, or social class. Thus bringing consistency in their work and which led to strict optimization on the costs inquired. The application of the principle of calculability was imposed to lay more emphasis on quantity rather than quality with the aim to meet the needs of increased population of patients not only from India but including the demands from rest of the world. The most important principle of MaCDONALDS the use non human technology was well established in the aravind organisational structure that lays more emphasis on carrying out their operations with the help of machines rather than using human technology. This enabled them to do more operations and indulge in more surgeries in a year thus healing large number of patients. Dr. Venkataswamy a legendary surgeon has devoted his life’s 50years to his mission to restore sight to the blind and his work has resulted in one of the world’s most extraordinary models of service delivery. His inspiring life journey of a visionary dedicated to serving humanity outlines the evolution of the aravind model and glimpses into the spirituality that has guided both for over 50 years in service for sight. Conclusion From this case study it can be concluded that with efficient use of the principles of  Mcdonaldization aravind eye hospitals have reached their glory by accomplishing all their objectives of providing quality services to its patients at affordable prices. The principles of efficiency, predictability, calculability are aptly used in the model structure of aravind hospital that provided them with necessary boost that led to increased number of operations and lead to welfare of the society globally. All these principles enabled the organisation to reach high level of quality and helped them to become the largest provider of eye surgeries. This business model has proved that  the principles of mcdonaldization can be applied to various fields in the society with some amount of practical knowledge can lead to enormous success and with business running in the hands of Dr. Venkataswamy who has proved himself by applying his all qualities and extraordinary skills they he has gained over a long 50 years of journey enabled him to achieve all his goals to serve the society. He also quoted that â€Å"Intelligence and capability are not enough there must be the joy of doing something beautiful â€Å" Dr. Govindappa Venkataswamy Aravinds unique human resource policies and well organised in-house training  activities has enabled them to recognise the best medical talent and have created a spirit of accountability and managed to create a high rate of involvement and increased their success rate. Referencing 1. BOOKS GEORGE RITZER (1996)†THE MCDONALDIZATION OF SOCIETY† CALIFORNIA PINE FORGE PRESS. 2. WEBSITES WWW. ARAVIND. ORG/ABOUTUS WWW. MROOMS. AC. CO. UK IN MAKING THIS VISION COME ALIVE DR G. VENKATASWAMY HAS NOT ONLY DEMONSTRATED CONSIDERABLE ENTREPRENEURIAL FLAIR –HE HAS CREATED A TEMPLATE WHICH OTHERS, INCLUDING HEALTH PROVIDERS IN THE ADVANCED INDUSTRIAL ECONOMIES, ARE NOW LOOKING AT VERY CLOSELY.